Egypt versus Rest of the World
A Dynasty - What is Ancient Egypt?Egypt
Rest of the World
Egypt’s Early Dynastic Period
1st & 2nd Dynasties: Egypt was unified by Narmer
Capital City was established at Memphis
The 365 day Calendar was now in full use
The Royal Tombs are created at Abydos and Saqqara
Irrigation projects employed
3150–2686 BC
Sumerian cities thrive
Gilgamesh at Uruk
Troy is established
Syria and Palestine build towns
Malta megaliths erected
Minoans build on Crete
The Old Kingdom Period
3rd to 6th Pharaonic Dynasties
Bronze Age, The Pyramid Age
Egypt was productive enough to move
the workforce from solely trade and
agriculture on to building projects
2686–2181 BC
Minoans open trade routes
Megaliths are built in Europe
Royal graves are established in Ur
Ziggurat built at Sumer
First Intermediate Period
7th to 10th Pharaonic Dynasties
Famine scarred the country
The Pharaohs lost control of the
country and each of the regional
Nomarchs became de facto
war chieftains
2181–2125 BC
Middle Kingdom Period
11th and 12th Pharaonic Dynasties
Middle Bronze Age
Time of literature and the strengthening
of the middle classes
Pharaohs concentrated on reinforcing
their borders, including the building of forts
and equipping the army to deal
with these threats
2055–1650 BC
Babylon reaches heights to become a regional power
Greece was populised
Stonehenge was built
Sumer was brought back to life
Hammurabi rules in Babylon
The Persian empire commences
Knossus on Crete becomes a vast city
Second Intermediate Period
13th to 17th Pharaonic Dynasties
This period saw an easing of the
previously strict borders in the South
with the Nubians and in the North
with the Hyksos
This led to a further mix of cultures which
became assimilated into the Egyptian
way of life
1650-1550 BC
Hittites destroy Babylon
New Kingdom Period
18th to 20th Pharaonic Dynasties
Bronze Age
The height of Ancient Egyptian power
as the rulers took a proactive route to
guarding Egypt’s borders, carving out
an empire using their allies as buffers.
Many of today’s best-known Pharaohs
ruled in this period
1550-1069 BC
Minoan civilization collapses
Mitanni people come to the fore
Myceneans establish citadels
Assyrians and Babylonians begin recoveries after a time of decline
The Sea Peoples destroy the power
of the Hittites
The Mediterranean Iron
Age commences
Third Intermediate Period
21st to 25th Pharaonic Dynasties
Egypt was invaded by a number
of foreign dominions
These were compacted by strikes,
economic issues and
internal revolts countrywide
The country split and was ruled
by independent Pharaohs
with North versus South
1069-664 BC
Phoenicians establish Carthage
Etruscans settle in “Italy”
Assyria collapses
Babylon regains its power
The first Olympic Games are held
in Greece
Homer writes the Iliad
Late Period
26th to 31st Pharaonic Dynasties
Assyrians invaded, driving out the
Nubians and then left to deal with
home country issues
A King od Libyan heritage ruled
for a short period of time before the
Persians invaded and occupied
Egypt twice
664-332 BC
Cyrus the Great of Persia conquers Babylon
Persepolis is founded
First Greeco Persian War is fought
Athens emerges as the chief political power
Greek philosophy and art flourish
Rome begins to rise in Italy
The Gauls sack Rome
Alexander the Great becomes king of
Macedonia and conquers the Persian Empire
Greek Egypt
The Ptolemaic Dynasties
Alexander the Great occupies Egypt and
declares himself Pharaoh
His General, Ptolemy, followed him establishing Alexandria and the Ptolemaic Dynasties
Eratosthenes, Archimedes, and Euclid all visit
There are Temples built at Philae, Edfu & Dendera
The Rosetta Stone is erected
Cleopatra VII rules and becomes the
last Pharaonic ruler
Julius Caesar comes to Alexandria
Antony and Cleopatra are defeated at
the Battle of Actium
Egypt falls to the legions of Octavian
The end of the Ptolemaic dynasty and beginning of the Roman occupation of Egypt
332-30 BC
Pompey the Great campaigns in the East
Rome conquers Gaul
To learn more about any of the Egyptian Time Periods, click on the relevant map
Prehistoric Egypt
pre–3150 BC
The Early Dynastic Period
3150–2686 BC
The Old Kingdom Period
2686–2181 BC
First Intermediate Period
2181–2125 BC
2nd Intermediate Period
1650–1550 BC
New Kingdom Period
1550–1069 BC
3rd Intermediate Period
1069–664 BC
Late Period 664–332 BC
